![]() ![]() In addition, our previous work on ELM using TOA as carrier has recorded more than 98% of efficiency. In case of metal removal from aqueous media, ELM was reported to be successfully used in extracting numerous types of heavy metal ions for instance, Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Co(II). However, Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) which was invented by Li has shown a promising potential in the field of separation. Tremendous efforts have been carried out in minimizing the concentration of heavy metal in aqueous media using various physico-chemical treatment. Study conducted by Kadaruddin discovered that as much as 53 rivers in Malaysia’s river system were badly contaminated with cadmium from various sources, mainly manufacturing. Due to its high solubility, cadmium can be easily absorbed by living organisms and it can easily enters our food chain. As for cadmium, it is a toxic metal occurring naturally in the environment and it is considered as a pollutant emanating primarily from industrial and agricultural sources. Apart from its ability to harm the ecosystem, extensive study carried out by World Health Organization (WHO) has revealed that exposure to these metals will eventually cause deleterious health effects in humans though some of them are nutritionally essential for a healthy life, but in a very small quantity. Among the most common heavy metal found in polluted water includes arsenic, copper, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, mercury and zinc. In the year 2013 alone, Department of Environment Malaysia reported that a total of 103,994.37 metric tonnes of industrial waste containing heavy metals were generated from various industries in this country. ![]() ![]() reported on the dramatic increasing trend of heavy metal emission since the onset of industrial revolution. One of them is the emission of heavy metal with a great potential to pollute the environment. ![]() Introduction Rapid industrialization which begun in 1960s has raised many critical issues regarding environmental pollution. 98.6% of Cd(II) ions were successfully removed from the external aqueous phase at this condition.ġ. The best performance of ELM in extracting Cd(II) ions was recorded at speed of 300 rpm for 15 min. The influence of stirring speed and extraction time on the solute removal efficiency was observed. The W/O emulsion was prepared using 0.1M NaOH as the internal phase while the membrane phase consist of 3 wt% Span 80 and Aliquat 336, dissolved in corn oil. The analysis showed that Aliquat 336 is highly selective towards Cd(II) as it able to remove almost all Cd(II) ions from the aqueous solution while Span 80 has assisted in the formation of a stable emulsion. It is learned that corn oil showed a promising results to be incorporated in ELM to dissolve Span 80 and Aliquat 336 as surfactant and carrier in the membrane phase, respectively. A compatibility study was conducted to investigate its feasibility to be used as diluent in ELM. Vegetable oil tested in this study are sunflower, corn and palm oil. The Tyndall effect allows sunlight to be seen as it passes through a fine mist.In this work, the potentialities of vegetable oil to be incorporated as diluent in Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) formulation was explored. When it passes through a diluted milk solution, the light is scattered by colloidal particles, an observation of the Tyndall effect. \): Light passes through a colorless solution and is not scattered. ![]()
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